Jane Eyre Chapters 1-9 - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1180 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/05/08 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Jane Eyre Essay Did you like this example? 1. Summary. On a dreary afternoon in Gateshead Hall, the ten-year-old Jane Eyre, forbidden by her tyrannous aunt from playing with her cousins, finds a curtained window seat where she can read. Janes bullying cousin John Reed barges in and insults her, riling Jane to fight for the first time in her life! Stunned, John goes crying to Mrs. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Jane Eyre Chapters 1-9" essay for you Create order Reed, his mother. Mrs. Reed, despite Janes protests, forbids Jane to be seen and locked in the red-room, a lavishly furnished and rarely used bedroom where Mr. Reed had passed away in. During her time in the room Jane catches sight of her cadaverous reflection in the mirror and sulks about the injustice of Gateshead Hall. Suddenly, Jane senses Mr. Reeds presence in the room. Convinced she sees his spirit, Jane shrieks in horror and faints. Furthermore, Jane wakes up in the nursery, being cared for by the local apothecary, Mr. Lloyd. Mr. Lloyd asks her about her well-being. Jane confesses her unhappiness which leads Mr. Lloyd asking Jane if shed like to attend school. Later, Jane overhears Bessie telling Miss Abbot the story of Janes family and how Mrs. Reed promised to raise Jane like one of their own children—John, Eliza, and Georgiana. For two months, Jane anxiously waits for her schooling to start. Finally, she is interviewed by Mr. Brocklehurst—the stern headmaster of the Lowood school. He lectures Jane about the importance of religion, â€Å"That proves you have a wicked heart; and you must pray to God to change it: to give you a new and clean one: to take away your heart of stone and give you a heart of flesh.†- (Bronte 32) Jane explains to him she is hurt from Mrs. Reeds false accusation, exclaiming that her aunt makes her sick and is herself a brutal and deceitful person. Yet Jane reveals to Bessie how she adores her the most. Four days later, Jane leaves Gateshead to start her new journey at the Lowood school, a charity school for orphan girls. On her first day, Jane witnesses the strictly regimented routine for the school. Despite this, Jane is fond of the schools superintendent, Ms. Maria Temple. Later, Jane spots a solitary girl, Helen Burns. Although, Jane’s hermit personality restricts her to talking to strangers, she feels an immediate connection to Helen. On the second day, Jane is overwhelmed by the lessons, but is fascinated by watching Helen Burns across the room. From enduring the strict and onerous rules, Helen emphasizes to Jane her philosophy of turning the other cheek, â€Å"Yet it would be your duty to bear it, if you could not avoid it: it is weak and silly to say you cannot bear what it is your fate to be required to bear.† -(Bronte 58) and her belief about the beautiful afterlife gives her hope and patience to sustain suffering in this world. The conditions at Lowood remain bitter, as Mr. Brocklehurst enforces that all the girls hair be cut off for the sake of modesty. Jane terrified that Mr. Brocklehurst will remember his oath to Mrs. Reed to expose that Jane is deceitful and to avoid her sinister character. After school is dismissed that evening, believing that everyone loathes her, Helen reassures Jane that she is pitied by her peers. Moreover, Ms. Temple promises to write to Mr. Lloyd confirming Jane is not a liar. Jane realizes now she prefers the â€Å"impoverished Lowood to the luxuries of Gateshead.† Spring brings better weather, but an epidemic of typhus has infected the school. In the midst of springs renewal, Jane contemplates death for the first time. Jane soon learns that Helen suffers from consumption (tuberculosis), in desperation to see her friend Jane sneaks into Helens bedside, comforting her. Jane soon learns Helen is not afraid of dying because she will be leaving behind the suffering of the world and going to God, â€Å"I am sure there is a future state; I believe God is good†¦ God is my father, God is my friend; I love him; I believe he loves me.† -(Bronte 90) By morning, Helen is dead. Helen is buried in an unmarked grave word Resurgam—Latin for I will rise again. 2. Passage Analysis. In Charlotte Bronte’s novel Jane Eyre, Jane asserts herself by stopping others from misrepresenting and taking advantage of her by expressing herself and speaking out against the cruel and hypocritical conventions that repress her. However, Jane realizes her outburst was out of line because of her social position and knows she must learn to control her passionate heart. Bronte conveys a layered attitude of admiration and reverence for the protagonist Jane Eyre’s passionate nature which is uniquely conveyed by her dauntless descriptions, subtle details in the descriptions of her conscious, and controlled tone. Early in the quote, Bronte’s diction is seemingly contradictory, as she goes from admiring Jane’s bold assertion to settling down as remorse takes over her genuine character. For instance, though Bronte does say Jane has won her battle â€Å"†¦and I enjoyed my conqueror’s solitude,† she then immediately calls Jane on â€Å"experiencing afterwards the pang of remorse.† However, despite this, Bronte’s language comes antithetical when she goes on to say that Jane’s reflection showed her the â€Å"madness of [her] conduct† and her expressive character was strengthened from standing up against her cruel peers by the determination in her heart. To expand on Jane’s bold character that Bronte admires, she provides details of Jane’s emotions that hint at Bronte’s respect for this small girl. In fact, Jane’s conscious overpowers her to make her realize what she had done, â€Å"At first, I smiled†¦ and felt elate, but this fierce pressure subsided in me.† Bronte’s controlled tone from optimism to pessimistic evokes the feelings of being submissive about the fearless and madness one has within oneself â€Å"as [Jane] had done- [one] can not give its furious feelings uncontrolled play, as [Jane] had given- without experiencing the chill of reaction.† Indeed, through Bronte’s use of language, descriptions, and tone she is able to purvey Jane Eyre’s true character through her fondness and admiration. 3. Discussion Questions. on page 81 Jane states, â€Å"I would not now have exchanged Lowood with all its privations for Gateshead and its daily luxuries.† However, earlier in the novel Jane says she would rather stay at Gateshead then go to some poor and low relations called Eyre because she believes â€Å"poverty for me was synonymous with degration†-21. Why do you think Jane has changed her mind of wanting to stay at Lowood, a non-luxurious school than at the Gateshead mansion? What is the purpose of Helen saying, â€Å"Love your enemies; bless them that curse you; do good to them that hate you and despitefully use you.† – page 61 on page 90 Helen tells Jane the night before she dies, â€Å"You will come to the same region of happiness: be received by the same mighty universal Parent, no doubt, dear Jane.† What is the significance of Helen’s death, as it breaks hers and Jane’s loving friendship?

Causes of World War I Germany Essay - 1602 Words

World War I was a war between the allies, which included Russia, France, Serbia, and Great Britain, against the central powers of Europe; Germany and Austria. When war broke out between Austria and Serbia in 1914, the alliance system drew the other European countries into the war; consequently the rest of the world was brought into the conflict. In the early twentieth century, Germany was witnessing a prospering economy alongside an increased sense of national pride. With the growing economy, Germany began to make progress in the Arms Race and in the development of their navy. Under the control of William II, Germany made a series of unlawful decisions that added to the animosity between European superpowers. With the introduction of†¦show more content†¦As stated by Suzanne Karpilovsky, â€Å"The standing armies of France and Germany doubled in size between 1870 and 1914.† (Karpilovsky, Fogel and Kobelt). In this way, Germany’s rapidly growing military expendi ture made other European countries feel insecure about their safety. Great Britain had its own insecurities regarding Germany; in particular Great Britain’s â€Å"Balance of Power† policy was being disrupted as Germany’s military strength was making Germany the most powerful country in Europe. This led to increased feelings of tension between Germany and other European powers; as Henry Kissinger stated, â€Å"Germany became the strongest and as such proved disquieting to its neighbors.† (Kissinger 169). This is why Germany’s immense progression in the arms race during the early 20th century can be seen as a factor in causing World War I. During the early 20th century, Germany was well on its way to being one of the most powerful nations in the world. With a large land army and an expanding naval fleet, Germany was starting to gain the confidence it needed to go out andShow MoreRelatedGermany and Cause of World War I Essay903 Words   |  4 Page sGermany and Cause of World War I In 1914, World War 1 broke out between six main countries. These were Britain, France, Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy. The murder of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was what triggered off the war but I am here to discuss how there was a lot more to it than the murder of just one man. Germany did not cause the war alone, as will soon come clear. Germany felt encircled, as there was a strong friendship between Russia to the eastRead MoreEssay about Did Germany Cause World War I1401 Words   |  6 Pages Did Germany cause World War 1? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Although in the Treaty of Versailles Germany was to accept full responsibility for World War 1 this in not necessarily the case. Many factors have to be taken into account when considering the cause of World War 1. Germany may have been primarily responsible for the war but the other major powers must accept some of the blame for failing to prevent it. The conflict resulting from the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinard should haveRead MoreThe War I And World War II1660 Words   |  7 Pagesin thehistory of the world were World War I and World War II. World War I occurred from 1914 to 1918. World War I was caused by militarism, alliances, nationalism, imperialism and assassination (MANIA). The first four causations were more of a build-up to it. Then, once the Arch-Duke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated, the buildup was sparked. This can be compared to pouring gasoline on the ground and then lighting it on fire. World War II occurred from 1939 to 1945.Wo rld War II was caused by the discontentRead MoreCauses of World War I Essay1167 Words   |  5 Pagesevents happens to be World War I, which was evoked by many different causes. The most significant and immediate causes of this catastrophe was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie. Numerous nations were involved in this war, and two examples of opposing forces are Germany and Russia. World War I was resolved to an extent with the Treaty of Versailles, but it was not entirely settled. This is clear because World War II was a result of World War I. The assassinationRead MoreThe Cause Of World War I966 Words   |  4 Pages World War I is known today as one of America’s worst wars in history, due to the facts because it was the First World War and well over eight million people died. World War I was between the countries of Germany, United States, Russia, France, and among many others. There are many causes of World War I, both immediate and underlying causes. Immediate causes meaning a specific short-term occurrence that is directly related to the event and essentially what created the event. The immediate cause ofRead MoreWho Did It? Who Started World War I?868 Words   |  3 Pages1914 when Europe got itself into one of the biggest wars ever: World War I. In the late 19th century, European leaders thought they could keep peace in Europe if they created a balance of power between the major countries of Europe such as, England, Russia, France, and Germany. Otto Von Bismarck, a Prussian Chancellor, had an uneasy view of this peace because Germany was unfortunately between Russia and France. In o rder to not ever fight a war with these two powers, Bismarck tried to negotiate withRead MoreWoodrow Wilsons Fourteen Points on the Paris Peace Settlement931 Words   |  4 Pagesreasonable terms to make peace with the countries after World War I. In that conference there was almost thirty nations that were participates. The â€Å"Big Four† were there as well, the big four consisted of Great Britain, represented by David Lloyd George, France, represented by George Clemenceau, United States, represented by Woodrow Wilson, and Italy, represented by Vittorio Orlando. David Lloyd George wanted moderate peace he also wants to alienate Germany as a naval threat. Vittorio Orlando wanted the territoryRead MoreWhy Was A Regime Was Or Was Not Democratic During The Time That World War I? Essay1695 Words   |  7 Pages Whether a regime was or was not democratic during the time that World War I, World War II, and the Cold War took place has no influence on being the exact cause of the war, because the determining factors of why the previously listed wars occurred lies among the many constraints; protecting alliances, attempts at deterrence, balancing power, acting on misinterpretation, rise in aggression, and difference of beliefs and ideologies in relation to those of people from other countries. It just so happensRead MoreThe Second World War I1363 Words   |  6 PagesThe Second World War was just as deadly as the first, but more widespread. â€Å"Coming just two decades after the last great global conflict, the Second World War was the most widespread and deadliest war in history, involving more than 30 countries and resulting in more than 50 million military and civilian deaths.†(History.com). Initiated by Adolf Hitler, the German leader, invaded Poland in 1939. World War two lasted fo r six years until Nazi Germany and Japan were both defeated in 1945 by the AlliedRead MoreWhat Events Drew The United States Into World War I988 Words   |  4 PagesEven though it is believed that World War I was initialized by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, others believe that there were a number of issues that played into the start of the war. There are said to be four areas that played into the cause of World War I, including the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the other three are imperialism, militarism, and nationalism. In this paper, we will discuss all of these areas to see how they played a part. We will also discuss what events

Is Sexuality A Part Of Human Life - 870 Words

Sexuality is a part of human life. Throughout this time from birth to death it is guaranteed it will occur for someone. During adolescence, a person is exposed to sexuality and needs to know what messages they are receiving are positive, and which negative. As of 2011, â€Å"Eighty-two percent of parents have talked to their children about topics relating to sexuality† (Planned Parenthood). But, schools have to take into account the parents that did not adequately educate their children and ones that didn’t even discuss it at all. â€Å"Parents overwhelmingly support sex education programs in high school and middle school† (Planned Parenthood). School districts have goals. Their main one being that students â€Å"truly enjoy their life and their work† (Littkey, Grabelle). For students to benefit from their being, they need to be educated on reproductive health. â€Å"A 2011 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) survey indicates that more than 4 7 percent of all high school students say they have had sex, and 15 percent of high school students have had sex with four or more partners during their lifetime† (CDC). So it is crucial for everyone to learn the risks involved, consequences, how to be safe, and to know when they are ready. The best way to accomplish this is through abstinence-only sex-ed programs. The Social Security Act defines abstinence only education in eight points, as rephrased by Advocate for Youth. It teaches the effects of staying abstinent, drugs and alcohol’sShow MoreRelatedHuman Sexuality Education : A Natural Part Of Our Everyday Lives1188 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Sexuality Education Paper As a very natural part of our everyday lives and existence as humans, it is perplexing how so many Americans are undereducated about human reproductive systems and sex organs, their structures and functions, and the various effects and consequences of human sexuality. The responsibility of properly educating young people about human sexuality is in the hands of parents and schools. Educational programs in U. S. schools today, such as Abstinence Only and AbstinenceRead MoreWhy Do We Fall in Love?1359 Words   |  6 Pagesattraction between the sexes? Sexuality is a subject about which no one is neutral. Everyone has a sexual nature, everyone has a need for sexuality, everyone has a sexual personality that has been formed by home, schooling, the trial and error of life experience, and whatever they pick up along the way from the subtle and notosoosubtle influences of the society in which they live. In seeking to make sense of our sexuality we must look to its origins. Where does our sexuality come from? In this articleRead MoreHuman Sexuality And Its Effects On Children And Young People Understand1309 Words   |  6 PagesMuch has been made of the role of human sexuality, yet little has been said about the importance of learning about human sexuality. Sex has been the same since time began, and we cannot continue to ignore the reality of what children are being exposed to. Being educated about these topics, being educated, in general is important to me. Education is what will help this world with inequalities, and so many other problems. Human sexuality has become one of the topics that have caught my attention becauseRead MoreReading Gayle Rubin s Thinking Sex : Notes For A Radical Theory Of The Politics Of Sexuality1287 Words   |  6 PagesReading Gayle Rubin’s â€Å"Thinking Sex: Notes for a Radical Theory of the Politics of Sexuality†, I was fascinated by t he concept of sex as a complex social system worth discussing so I made a collage to represent my interpretation of America’s understanding of sex. The collage focuses on the tension created by sex appeal, the aesthetics of sex, being presented as a version of natural taste and sexuality, the act of sex, being presented as a natural fact. The two aspects of sex’s definition of natureRead MoreSigmund Freud, Neurologist And Founder Of Psychoanalysis,1320 Words   |  6 Pagestogether, Jung and Freud explored the human mind and jointly agreed on the separation of the conscious and unconscious. Within the unconscious and dreams there was a mutual understanding of the need to identify and interpret symbols. They wanted to give ground to dreams and find the reasons behind them. Though this six year long collaboration was intense and profound, 1913 was the last year the two psychoanalyst interacted because of the radical disagreements in human analysis past their joint disco veriesRead MoreHistorical and Scientific Perspectives on Homosexuality907 Words   |  4 PagesHistorical and scientific perspectives on homosexuality In contemporary Western culture, choices about romantic love and sexuality are a critical aspect of individual self-definition. Whether someone is homosexual or heterosexual is thus also considered to be a crucial aspect of who he or she is as a human being. In previous eras, where individuals were married young, and entered into arranged marriages, this was not the case. 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The perception of human sexuality has gone through many changes such as being very open and unlabeled activity; to being very â€Å"conservative† and a topic that shouldn’t be talked about in public or at all. In any case, human sexuality has always been a topic of interest because humans are sexual beings who want to understand the consciousness of themselves as male or female and seeRead MoreA Study Of Ethics And Morality Essay1474 Words   |  6 Pagescountless different areas of human life and our relationships with the decisions we make and their effects on all aspects of our own and others’ lives. According to the text of Thiroux and Krasemann, the topic of sexual morality is truly â€Å"the heart of morality† (260). The morality of human sexuality and marriage deeply covers the complex characteristics of human relationships and friendships, sexuality, love, intimacy, and a multitude of other moral engagements between humans. The main objective of thisRead MoreAnalysis of The Transformation of Intimacy by Anthony Giddens807 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of The Transformation of Intimacy by Anthony Giddens How does sexuality come into being, and what connections does it have with the changes that have affected personal life on a more general plane? In answering these questions, Anthony Giddens disputes many of the interpretations of the role of sexuality in our culture. The emergence of what he calls plastic sexuality, which is sexuality freed from its original relation of reproduction, is analyzed in terms of the long-term development

College Athletes Should Not Be Paid - 1263 Words

Student athletes, supported by colleges, bring in some of the most significant amounts of money to their college, but what do they get in return, nothing! What would it feel like to work so hard at something you love and are good at, but get nothing back from it. College athletes bring in enough money to the college to be able to get a little something back for the effort it takes. The amount of time college athletes spend on their sport takes away a huge chunk of time that could be used for more time on school work for a better education. Some might say that division 1 athletes are already getting paid by the amount of money going towards their scholarship to attend the school. Also people consider them amateurs and not professionals†¦show more content†¦The fans think college athletes are still amateurs mainly because of the fact they are still in school, getting an education, and when people think of the word school they think of kids growing up to become adults. This als o brings out the fact how college athletes have been put in video games and not been paid which is against the antitrust law. Goldstein states, O Bannon s lawyers say the NCAA rule against paying athletes for appearing in video games and on TV violates antitrust law (Goldstein 13). The reason the NCAA has stopped the production of college sports video games is because professionals get paid for being put in a videogame but college athletes were not. Paying college athletes has been a huge debate for years and years but it still has not changed. A D3 athlete usually doesn’t get a full ride and they still have to play some of the expenses of college. The odds of them making it professional in the sport is slim to none, so why can’t they get a little payment to help with their college and family considering they are putting the same time and effect as a D1 athlete. When the all-star athletes or the D3 bench warmers don’t make it professional, they would have not had the capability to learn about something different because of the fact that they are concentrating on getting better at their sport and passing their classes. Title IX takes a tole in colleges and not paying their athletes. Title IX explains that it prohibits sex

Crisis management; BP - 2129 Words

Introduction When an organization is in a crisis, it dominates the organization’s agenda and requires immediate action. The way the organization responds to a crisis can differ in many ways. In this essay I would like to discuss the crisis of the British concern British Petroleum (BP). At first I would like to provide more information about the crisis and its consequences, then I will identify the kind of crisis we have to deal with, I will discuss the several communication strategies BP have used, I will explain the different reactions of the public on the crisis. At last, I will give the oil concern some advice, in case a reoccurrence takes place. The BP oil spill The BP oil spill was a big natural disaster in the Gulf of Mexico†¦show more content†¦BP made mistake after mistake and it seems like Tony Hayward did not attend any media training. It is almost impossible to deny that a lot of things went wrong in the communication concerning the explosion of the platform and the following oil spill of the British oil concern BP. In the first instance, BP denied there was oil leaking out of the oil well. After that BP trivialized the consequences of the ecocatastrophe. Even the CEO Tony Hayward made some dull statements. What did BP do wrong? BP made a big mistake right after the explosion. They were not open and honest about the situation. First they denied the oil spill. When it became clear that there was definitely an oil spill, BP denied there would be any consequences for the environment and trivialized the situation later on. The Gulf of Mexico is a very big ocean. The amount of volume of oil and dispersant we are putting into it is tiny in relation to the total water volume said top executive Hayward, while scientists, biologists and satellite images proved the opposite. The photo shopped images of the crisis did little good for the oil concern. In the first weeks of the crisis BP used two â€Å"Nonexistence strategies†. BP used the â€Å"denial strategy† which means that they gave a simple statement denying that the crisis existed. After the denial strategy BP used the â€Å"clarification strategy†. This strategy was anShow MoreRelatedBP Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill 905 Words   |  4 PagesCASE STUDY- MINI CASE: BP GULF OF MEXICO OIL SPILL CASE SUMMARY 1. In a narrative format, summarize the key facts and issues of the case. In the case of the BP Gulf of Mexico oil spill, we examine the effects of an organization not being prepared for this particular crisis. The world scrutinized the actions, inactions, and the human decisions made by BP that led to a major catastrophic crisis. The organization was not prepared for a crisis of this magnitude. Our text stated that this type of negligenceRead MoreBp s Risk Management Practices3099 Words   |  13 Pagesspill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010 resulted in considerable damage to the environment, economy and human livelihoods. While BP, as one of the parties involved in the operation of the oil drilling on Deepwater Horizon rig, suffered huge financial loss and reputation loss, it was found to be the one to be mostly blamed due to its lack of risk management. As poor risk management can lead to an astonishing disaster like this, it appears to be necessary for every business to learn from BP’s mistakes andRead MoreInternal and External Communication on Bp Gulf Oil Spill Essay3877 Words   |  16 PagesRecommendation 11 Internal communication 11 External communication 12 Executive Summary BP oil spill in April 2010, had incurred serious damage to both the company and publics. Though some internal and external communication strategies were carried out after the accident, more improvements should be made by BP to maintain the safety and reputation. The internal strategies used by BP, employing appropriate communication channels and appointing a CEO who is familiar with American culturesRead MoreThe Gulf Coast Oil Spill Extending the Theory of Image Restoration6493 Words   |  26 PagesSouthern Mississippi, United States a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t The explosion of Transocean’s Deepwater Horizon, an oil-rig licensed to BP, set in motion a chain of unfortunate events that led to BP’s ruptured oil well disgorging millions of gallons of oil into the Gulf of Mexico. Since the spill, the corporate image of BP has been severely challenged. 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Australian Legal and Investments Commission †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Australian Legal and Investments Commission. Answer: Introduction: The present situation incorporates issue with respect to the recovery of amount from the directors of the company for the amount equivalent to the unsecured creditors. It is required to analyze whether the company was insolvent while incurring the value of debts to the unsecured creditors or whether the company has been in a temporary illiquidity for concluding negotiations. As per the regulations of Corporation Act and Law under section 588G, directors of the company are responsible to prevent the insolvent trading. The regulations of Corporation Act provides that the directors of the company would held responsible for contravening the section if the directors are aware for the grounds that suspect the insolvency of the company (Asic.gov.au 2017). In addition, the directors are held responsible for contravening the regulations of section 588G if a reasonable person or concerned official in the similar situation would be aware of the insolvent trading. The regulation of the Corporation Act further provides that it is essential to test the solvency with respect to section 95A. As per the regulation, it is essential to measure the ability of the company to pay off the debt when they are due (Austlii.edu.au 2017). Further, section 588H provides the regulations on proceedings required to consider for contravention of requirements of section 588G for contravention of debts. The section provides that the directors have reasonable grounds to claim the solvency of the company during the time company incurred debt. The legislation further provides that the directors of the company are entitled to demonstrate their exclusion from the significant matter that explains the chances of insolvency of the company due to substantial reasons. Moreover, it is the duty of the directors to take reasonable steps to incur debt if the director is of the view of insolvent circumstances. Considering the situation in the present case, it can be said that the Law company incurred debts to the unsecured creditors during the time of temporary illiquidity. The directors believed on the reasonable grounds that the company would be able to conclude the negotiations for purchasing the timber products. It was contended that the process of negotiation would increase in the substantial income of the company as well as the realization of the assets would be considered within 90 days period. As per the rulings in case of Tourprint v Bott (1999) NSWSC 581, it was contended that the directors failed to provide appropriate information for solvency position. It was also noted that the directors of the company failed to keep the financial record resulting in failure of identifying the insolvency of the company and therefore, directors held to breach the regulations of section 588G. Additionally, in case of Miller v Metropolitan Fire Systems Pty Ltd (1997) 23 ACSR 699, the court held that the director of the company failed to prevent the company from incurring debt. Further, the director also contravened the provision of section 588 because the concerned person in the same position was failed to disclose the actual financial status of the company (Aier, Chen and Pevzner 2014). Similarly, in the present case, directors of Finished Timber Company, Kevin and Robert claimed that the debt was not incurred during the period of insolvency but it was incurred it at the time of temporary illiquidity. However, it has been observed that during the time of incurring debt, the directors of the company failed to provide appropriate disclosures for substantial income and asset values. Therefore, it can be concluded that Kelvin and Robert contravened the regulations of sections 588G and 588H of the Corporations Act since they failed to disclose the financial information. Accordingly, the directors are liable to pay the equivalent amount to the unsecured directors based on the time of debts incurred. The given case involves an issue with respect to the fiduciary duty of the directors, Ian and Mike towards the company Windmills Pty Limited. It is required to analyze whether the director of the company as minority shareholder is liable to perform duties as per the legislations of Corporations Act. According to the regulations of Corporations Act 2001, directors of the Law company are required to perform the business activities with due care and diligence as per the requirements of section 180. The directors are required to perform business functions in good faith together by using the proper information so that the directors do not gain undue advantage for themselves. The regulations of Corporation Act further provide the duties of director to minority shareholder, which includes performance to avoid fraud, breach of regulations and bad faith (Asic.gov.au 2017). It is essential for the directors to provide reasonable notice to the minority shareholders for their participation in the meetings of shareholders. Further, the directors are required to provide rights to the shareholders to inspect the companys financial records. In the present situation, it has been noted that the business deal for asset purchase was not disclosed to Mike by Ian who has been a major shareholder in the company. Further, it was noted that the Ian sold the assets at larger price, which was not disclosed to Mike during the period of business activities. In case of Sinclair Oil Corp v Levien, it was held that the director of the company did not act fairly with respect to the parent companys business transactions (Strine Jr 2014). The director did not consider the minority shareholders for the payment of dividend and breached the contract with party. Hence, the director was held for breaching the regulations of sections 180 under Corporation Act 2001 and did not perform duties to the rights of the minority shareholders. Therefore, it can be concluded that Ian in the present situation was a major shareholder and was liable to perform the duties in terms of good faith and fair rights to the minority shareholders. Ian did not disclose the agreement details for purchase of assets to Mike and sold the assets at higher price. It was held that Ian failed to perform his duties in reasonable manner and should be held liable to pay claims to Mike. Reference List Aier, J.K., Chen, L. and Pevzner, M., 2014. Debtholders demand for conservatism: Evidence from changes in directors fiduciary duties.Journal of Accounting Research,52(5), pp.993-1027. Asic.gov.au. 2017. ASIC Home | ASIC - Australian Securities and Investments Commission. [online] Available at: https://asic.gov.au/ [Accessed 16 Apr. 2017]. Austlii.edu.au. 2017. Australasian Legal Information Institute (AustLII). [online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au [Accessed 14 Apr. 2017]. Strine Jr, L.E., 2014. Making It Easier for Directors to Do the Right Thing.Harv. Bus. L. Rev.,4, p.235.

Critical Issues free essay sample

In the 1900s when policing was created they had to face many issues to make sure that they handle lowering crime rates. The police departments would find ways on how to prevent and solve crimes with the use of technology. Only in recent years have many agencies found the use of information technologies significantly helpful. Some examples of these technology uses include fingerprinting databases, computerized crime mapping, and records management systems doing everything from inventorying property and cataloging evidence to calculating solvability factors. I will provide some detailed examples as well as my own opinion of each category of how technology is used in policing and how technology enhances from police organizations ability to function; Examples of less than lethal weapons and how less than lethal weapons affect policing; and examples of the dangers faced by police and how police organizations address these dangers. â€Å"Those were desperate times for policemen in a hostile country with unpaved streets and uneven sidewalks, sometimes miles from the police station, with little prospects of assistance in case of need. It took nerve to be a policeman in those days Chief Francis ONeill of the Chicago Police Department in 1903. The first use of technology in policing was cars, radios, computers, and firearms. If it were not for the creation of technology in 1900s police departments would have a very hard time to stop all the crimes that were being created. So in 1960 the Crime Commission was established. Today in the 21st Century there are many new kinds of technology used in policing and one is being created for the â€Å"future cops† which decreases the dangerous high-speed chases with criminals is the StarChase System. The StarChase system is a laser guided GPS tracking system that is launched from the front grill of the squad car and guided by a laser-light targeting system. Once the sticky transmitter attaches to the fleeing car, the police track the suspect via real-time feeds over a wireless network allowing the fleeing car to flee and wait until the car slows down and stops while the police track the car and speed to where it is located. Another technology being created is the Real-time video which is a wireless video-surveillance that helps police officers track down suspects before patrolmen even arrive on the scene. These technologies enhance the way police organizations ability to function within the community to help lower crime rates and solve crimes. Technology is being used not only for police use but also for other departments that will help them solve a situation more quickly and faster. Computer use has also been a useful technology for police officers to locate the crimes and criminals. People do assume that police officers should work the way police officers did years ago only because they know they cannot escape the crime they committed. Less than lethal weapons are a used force in controlling unruly persons, to stop fleeing vehicles, and to detect concealed weapons and contraband in nonintrusive ways. Examples of less than lethal weapons are gases and sprays, batons, electroshock weapons, explosive weapons, sticky foam, etc. Less than lethal weapons are being used, and it is growing in the police departments. These weapons are intended to be less likely to kill a living target than are conventional weapons. They may also be used to channelize a battlefield or control the movement of civilian populations or limit civilian access to restricted areas. Many people believe that when police officer use less than lethal weapons against a civilian it is police misconduct, corruption, abuse of their power, or the ability of knowing the right proper use of handling a criminal situation. There were times when a police officer and a criminal were at a standoff, that police officers had to use any use of weapon to save the officers own life which caused the death of the civilian. This type of misconduct resulted for police departments to use first a no lethal weapons only if the situation can be settled until it arrives to the point where the police officer has to use a lethal weapon to defend their own life. It is the citizen’s action that will cause the police officer to use such force and it is not the police officers fault why they tend to use such force. Police officers have a high risk job compared to many others. Police officers always face life threating dangers on their day-to-day jobs. Some examples of what these brave police officers face during their patrolling are domestic situations, robberies, murders, homicides, assault, communicable diseases, and injuries during a car crash. I do not believe that police organizations tend to do much to address these dangers. They are aware that these incidents occur, but the only thing they do to help prevent this is many trainings and proper weapons available to use to protect the civilians and their own lives. The police officer are expected to be combat-ready at all times, even with facing a continual sense of danger from an unknown enemy. A few officers in the United States have been killed off-duty, most commonly after intervening in robberies, or when on-duty police mistook them for gang members (Davis amp; Pinizzotto, 1996). All these officers can do to avoid such dangers is to be aware of their surroundings and the reputation of the community. One of the dangers that I believe the police officers would face one day again is the community riot against the police department. Not only would this be dangerous to the police officers but also to the civilians who would be involved of the riot. I have explained in many details and in my own opinions with a little bit of history how technology is used in policing and how the technology enhances police organizations ability to function properly. I also provided examples of the less than lethal weapons used by police departments and by the police officers and why they should or should not use less than lethal weapons against a civilian and describing how less than lethal weapons affect policing in today’s society. Technology and less than lethal weapons can be a wrong choice to some people, but it does help the way the police department controls the crimes and lowers the crimes in the community. Many police officers do face many dangers in their day-to-day patrolling which can cause them to be in danger of their lives and others. I personally can understand why police officers use such force against the criminals that are in need of it when they resist the arrest or endangering the life of the police officers as well as the civilians surrounding that community.